Intro to Afro-American Studies

Index

A

Abolition, 74, 211, 325 
Abortion, 219
Accumulation of wealth, 55, 56-62 
Adams, Carol, vi
Adams, Russell, vi
Affirmative action, 5,160,161,243-244,261
Africa
     class structure, 23, 38, 42
     culture, 38-39, 168-169, 186-187
     depopulation, 33, 40
     education, 37
     images of, 31
     languages, 34, 171
     natural resources, 33
     political economy, 34, 39-40, 294
     politics, 36
     production, 34
     religion, 36-37, 171, 194
     research on, 10, 21
     size, 32-33
     slavery, 34, 36, 38
     technological development, 34, 39-40, 168-169, 294
     women, 37-38
African Blood Brotherhood (ABB), 327
African heritage, 31-46
African Liberation Support Committee (ALSC), 335
African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), 3, 38, 194, 195, 298
African Studies Association, 310
African survivals, 170, 171-172, 191-192
Afro-American heritage, 21, 31-46
     See also Culture, cultural heritage
Afro-American Studies, 1-27
     administrative structures, 18
     bibliographies, 7
     conceptual framework, 21-26, 347-348
     constituency, 4-5, 345
     curriculum, 19, 143, 164
     intellectual history, 6, 19-22
     journals, 6-7, 374
     movement, 4, 13, 15-21
     objectives, 4-5, 324-325, 345-348
     professional standards, 15, 16, 18, 20-21
     scope, 1, 4
     stages, 15-22
Afrocentricity, 21
AFSME, 142
Agrarian reform movement, 88, 94, 254





Agriculture, 83-87, 151-153, 159
Alabama, 70,75,86,152,234-235,308,330
     See also Birmingham, Montgomery, Selma
Albany, Georgia, 276
Alexander, Will, 83, 84-85, 86
Aldridge, Delores, vi
Algeria, 303
All-African Peoples Revolutionary Party
     (AAPRP), 309, 312
All-white primary, 254, 256
Allen, Richard, 194
Allen, Robert, vi, 88, 93-94
Alliance of farmers, 92-95
American Civil Liberties Union, 330
American Colonization Society (ACS), 296-297
American exceptionalism, 332
American Federation of Labor (AF of L) 114-115, 128, 130,
     132-137, 331
American Federation of Labor/Congress of Industrial
     Organizations (AFL-CIO), 128,137-138,142-143
American Missionary Association, 233
American Negro Labor Congress, 133-134
American Revolution, 60, 250, 261
American Sociological Association, 310
Angola, 42
Anti-imperialist struggle, 45-46, 133-134,140, 169, 204, 221,
     283, 294-295, 295- 296, 300, 305, 311, 324, 334-337
Aptheker, Herbert, 75
Arkansas, 330
Armed forces, 105, 124, 126, 127, 339
Armstrong, Louis, 167
Arts, 167, 176-185
Arts: movements, 176-183
     See also Black Arts Movement
Asante, Molefi Kete, 21
Ashford, lsmay, vi
Asia, 37, 323
Asian Americans, 336
Assimilation, 171, 182
Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History,
     3, 10
Atlanta, 104, 134, 202
Atlanta University, 8, 17, 236
Attaway, William, 99
377

B

Back-to-Africa movements, 150, 295, 296- 298, 298-299,
     301-302, 309, 327, 348
Bailey, Ronald, vi
Baker, Ella, 221
Bakke case, 190, 240, 243-244, 260
Baldwin, James, 189
Baldwin, Ruth Standish, 272
Baltimore, 101, 104, 308
Baptists, 192
     See also National Baptist Convention, USA and National
     Baptist Convention of America
Baraka, Amiri, vi, 16, 309
Barbados, 37, 50
Barclays Bank, 57
Barnett, lda, Wells 215, 269, 271
Baron, Harold 100, 101, 107-108, 109-110, 115-116, 117
Barry, Marion, 285
Be Bop, 177, 181-182
Beal, Frances, 207, 223
Belgium, 54, 291
Benin, 40
Berea College, 9
Berlin, Ira, 148-150
Berry, Mary Frances, 243
Bethune, Mary McLeod, 215, 216
Biafra, 140
Bill of Rights, 266
Binkin, Martin, 126
Biological determinism, 22-23
Biological inferiority, 23
Biology, 22-23
Birmingham, 104, 202-203, 275-277, 280
Black Arts Movement, 177, 182-183, 307
Black Belt, 63, 70, 81, 87, 91, 112-113, 152, 172, 179, 236,
     267, 281, 292, 302, 308, 327,328-330, 333, 337
Black Belt Nation,327-330
Black capitalism, 153-164
Black educational institutions, 240-242
Black caucus movement, 140-142, 310
Black Christian Nationalist Movement, 204
Black Codes, 151, 251-252
Black Collegian, 294
Black Enterprise, 156, 157, 161
Black History Month, 11, 20
"Black Is Beautiful," 154, 307
Black Liberation Month, 11, 20
Black liberation movement, 4, 124, 202, 216-217, 221, 229,
     241-242, 243, 257-261, 283, 285, 311-312, 314, 333, 334-
     337, 346-347





Black liberation struggle, 45,140,162,164, 177-178, 185,
     189-190, 215-217, 221- 223, 241, 244, 265-266, 284,
     294-296, 300, 303, 305-307, 310, 313-314, 336- 337,
     348-35
Black liberation theology, 202-204
Black nation, 295, 305, 308-311, 326, 327-329, 337
Black Panther Party, 16, 221, 260-261, 262, 283, 334
Black power, 16-17, 139, 182-183, 203, 282-283, 304-305
Black power conferences, 304-305, 309
Black power movement, 177, 183, 307
Black Revolutionary Party, 305-307
Black Studies, 16-17, 243, 244, 310
Black town movement, 299
Black unity, 149, 153, 164, 293, 298, 299, 309
Black-white unity, 95, 127-128, 129, 130, 132, 179, 253-254,
     320, 327, 336-337
Black workers, 121-143
Black Workers' Congress (BWC), 142, 334- 335
Blassingame, John, 18, 171, 172, 210
Blues, 167, 175
Boggs, James, 305-307
Boley, Oklahoma, 299
Bolivia, 140
Boll weevil, 95
Bombings, 112-113, 280
Bond, Horace Mann, 234-235, 293
Bond, Julian, 285
Bontemps, Arna, 12
Boston, 101, 308
Boston Associates, 62
Boston, Thomas, vi
Bourgeoisie, 106, 174, 181, 198, 238,  323, 329
     definition of, 62
Bowles, Samuel, 228
Boycotts, 90, 114-117
     See also Consumer boycotts
Brandenburg African Company, 52
Briggs, Cyril, 217, 326-327
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, 117, 132-133
Browder, Earl, 332-333
Brown v. Board of Education, 239, 243, 257, 271
Brown, H. Rap, 283
Brown, James, 61
Brown, John, 76, 77
Brown, Moses, 61
Bullock, Henry, 234
Bunche, Ralph, 44, 254, 259
Burial societies, 196, 292
Burnham, Linda, vi
Bush, Rod, vi
Business, 5, 112, 113, 114, 116-117, 155-157, 159, 160-161,196, 338
Busing, 240
Butler, Johnella, 18
Buy Black, 116-117, 307-308  

378

C

Cabral, Amilcar, 45
California, 157, 334
Call and response, 189-190, 191
Cameron, A.C., 128
Canada, 194, 297
Capitalism
     and the state, 132, 247-248, 258-261, 338, 339
     aspects of, 339
     crisis of, 167, 324, 339
     impact of, 39-40, 55, 95, 113, 208, 228, 294, 349
     rise of, 39-40, 52-55, 60-62
     stages, 44-45, 184, 253, 321, 322, 338
Capitalist class, 59, 61, 62-63,106,124,132,134, 138, 141,
     184-185, 322, 328, 334, 338-339
Carawan, Guy, 265-266
Caribbean, 1-2, 43, 49, 56, 194
Carmichael, Stokely, 283, 304, 309, 312
Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, 160
Carter, Jimmy, 339
Carter, Larry, 141
Catholics, 192
Cayton, Horace, 108, 113, 116-117
Central America, 1-2, 339
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 294
Chain gang, 86, 135
Charleston, 75, 77
Cheek, Cordie, 13
Chicago, 104, 112-117, 132, 155-166, 180, 215, 220, 280,302
Chicago Committee for a Free Africa, 190
Chicanos, 291
Children's Crusade, 276
China, 321-322, 334
Chinese Revolution, 321-322
Christian, Marcus, 160
Christian Methodist Episcopal Church (CME), 195
Chrysler Corporation, 121-122, 140, 141
Church the, 189-205
     and Black liberation struggle, 133, 136, 194, 197-198,
     202-204, 265, 330, 338
     as social institution, 143, 153, 174-176, 190, 195-196,274,
     292
     denominations, 192, 195, 199
     impact of, 116-117, 195-198, 204
     organizations, 233
     otherworldly focus, 190
     rural, 87-88, 194-198
     secularization, 198-199
     slave, 192-194
     urban 111, 198-204
Cincinnati, 326
Cinque, Joseph, 75
Civil disobedience, 202-203, 274, 275, 276
Civil rights, 212, 227, 234, 248, 251, 254-257, 266-287
Civil Rights Act - 1964, 139, 274
Civil Rights Acts - 1870-71, 243, 254
Civil Rights Commission, 286
Civil Rights Movement, 13, 15, 139, 182, 221, 257, 266-287, 302, 333
Civil War, 76-77, 81, 86, 88, 93, 95, 151, 160, 172, 196, 233,
     234, 251, 300, 325
Clark, Peter H., 325-326
Clark University, 11
Class
     definition of, 23-24, 337-338
Class analysis, 21, 154, 313, 321, 336, 337-341, 347
Class conflict, 94, 113, 129, 234, 333, 338, 346
Class relations, 150, 151, 175, 247, 346
Class solidarity, 129, 130, 133-134, 329
Class structure, 147, 151, 154, 177, 228
Class struggle, 21, 127-128, 130, 133-134, 180, 296, 321, 327, 329, 333, 334, 337-339, 340-341, 346
Clay, Henry, 297
Cleage, Albert, 204
Cleveland, 139  
Coalition of Black Trade Unionists (CBTU), 3,142-143
COFO, 346




Cole, Johnetta, vi
Colon, Al, vi
Colonialism, 49-59
     and the slave trade, 43-44
     definition of, 44
     impact on Africa, 31, 34, 169
     reasons for, 44, 54-55
Colored Farmers' National and Cooperative Union Alliance, 
     93-94
Colored Methodist Episcopal (CME) Church, 195
Colored National Labor Union (CNLU), 120
Colored Women's Economic Council, 133
Columbus, Christopher, 54, 67
Commission on Interracial Cooperation, 90
Committee for Improving the Industrial Conditions of Negroes
     in New York, 271
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO), 331
Committee on Urban Conditions Among Negroes, 272
Communalism, 38
Communism, 322
Communist Clubs, 325
Communist International (Comintern), 321, 327-329, 337
Communist Party, U.S.A., 179, 326-333
     and Black liberation struggle, 327-333
     and labor movement, 121, 134-136, 331-332
     organizations, 331-332
     program, 327-333
     revisionism, 332-333, 335
     shortcomings of, 326, 332-333
Communist Political Association, 332-333
Community control, 240-241, 244, 295, 303, 306
Cone, James, vi, 194
Congo,291
Congress, U.S., 249, 257, 271, 286
Congress of African People (CAP), 309
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 117, 128,
     135-138, 179, 221, 331-332
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 138, 273-274, 275, 281
Congressional Black Caucus, 257-258, 285
Connecticut, 248
Consciousness, 22, 24, 347
     See also National consciousness; Race consciousness
Consolidated Trades Council, 114
Constitution, U.S., 62, 248-249, 269, 260-261, 266, 270-271
     15th Amendment, 88-89, 271
     14th Amendment, 239, 271
     Reconstruction amendments, 252-253, 266
Consumer boycotts, 114-117
Consumer cooperatives, 327
Cornell University, 16
Cortada, Rafael L., 18
Cotton
     See King Cotton
Council of Negro Organizations, 115
Courts, 134, 212, 239, 252, 259, 268, 276
     See also Supreme Court
Creolization, 170-172, 292
Cuffee, Paul, 296
Cullen, Countee, 38, 167
Cults, 200-201
Cultural imperialism, 183-185
Cultural Revolution, 322, 334
Culture
     and imperialism, 183-185
     commercial aspects, 176, 178
     cultural heritage, 1, 32, 63, 170-172, 191-192
     cultural life, 112
     cultural resistance, 4, 169
     cultural workers, 177-180
     definition of, 24, 167
     national, 170, 172-175, 292, 307-310
     production of, 168, 175-176, 178, 179
     rural, 172-175
     slave, 170-172
     traditional African, 168-170
     urban, 112, 175-185
     See also Creolization
Curtin, Phillip, 43
379
  -
380

D

Daddy Grace, 200
Daily Worker, 134
Daniel, Vattel, 199
Danish West India Company, 52
Davis, Angela, vi, 213
Davis, John P, 159
Declaration of Independence, 248, 250, 266, 278
Delaware, 75, 239
Dellums, Ron, 258
Demobilization, 101, 217
Democracy, 105, 249-250, 251, 260, 269-270, 330, 340-341
Democratic Party, 106, 282, 285, 333
Democratic rights, 208, 251; 253, 261, 266, 281, 286, 330
Demonstrations, 114-115, 203, 221, 237, 267, 273, 275-277, 285, 330-331
Denmark, 43
Deportation, 296-297
Depression of 1873, 92
     See also, Great Depression
Desegregation, 239, 240
Detroit, 104, 139
Dialectical materialism, 320
Diaspora, 63, 312
Direct action, 141, 277




Discrimination
     housing, 221, 256
     job, 107-110, 124, 137, 142, 208, 212-213, 217-218, 221,
     271-272, 295
     racist, 14, 111, 117, 124, 136, 139, 141, 194, 234, 248,
     254, 255-257, 269-270, 271-273, 277, 280, 331-332
     school, 236, 295
     sexist, 207, 213
     See also Male supremacy
Disfranchisement, 88-89, 105, 254, 270, 272, 327
Division of labor, 52, 59, 70, 219, 227
Divorce, 222
Dodge Revolutionary Union Movement (DRUM), 122, 140
Dodson, Howard, vi
Dogmatism, 320, 321-322, 323
Donahue, Kenneth, 186
Donald, Cleveland, Jr., 16
Double-Duty Dollar, 116-117
Douglass, Frederick, 67, 68, 76-77, 210, 231- 232, 249-250,
     297
Drake, Francis, 54
Drake, St. Clair, vi 108, 113, 116-117
Dred Scott decision, 249
Drew, Timothy, 201
DuBois, W.E.B., 4, 6-8, 13, 22, 31, 67, 132, 153, 227, 233, 235-236, 242, 252, 269, 293, 301-302  
DuSable Museum of African American History, 3
Durnford, Andrew, 149-150
Dutch West India Company, 52
381

E

East Africa, 43, 168
Education, 227-244
     curriculum, 18
     elementary and secondary, 238-241
     funding of, 16, 196, 228-229, 233-234
     higher, 5, 6, 18, 158, 238
     inadequacies of, 235-236, 239-240, 242- 243,260,347
     independent schools movement, 240- 241
     industrial, 229, 234-235, 236, 242
     inequalities of, 105, 08-109, 218, 228, 238, 257, 339
     rural, 216, 232-236
     slave, 229-232
     sources of, 229-230, 233-235
     tool for liberation, 11, 107, 230-232,243, 244
     urban, 176, 236-244
     See also Schools
Edwards, Harry, 15, 16
Egypt, 34, 36, 40, 68, 303
Electoral politics, 89, 106, 257-259, 268, 284-287, 332
Emancipation, 25, 67, 86, 88, 101, 251, 347
Emancipation Proclamation, 270, 277 
Embree, Edwin, 83, 84-85, 86
Emigration, 296-297, 298-299
     See also Back-to-Africa movements




Empiricism, 320, 322
Employment, 156, 208, 258, 271
Enfranchisement, 88, 106, 215, 252
     See also Voting rights
Engels, Frederick, 320-32
England, 43, 52-60, 74, 250-251, 320
Epps, Edgar, 15
Epton, Bill, 336
Equal pay for equal work, 208
Equal rights, 238, 255-261, 329
Equality, 349
Estavanico (Little Stephen), 54
Ethnicity, 24
     See also Nationality 
Ethiopia, 36
Ethiopians, 201
Europe, 31, 37, 39-46, 52, 54-55, 57, 69, 168-169, 323
Evans, Charles, vi
Exploitation
     capitalist, 183, 184-185, 253, 260, 327
     class, 178, 180, 218, 283, 308, 325, 341
     colonial, 55
     economic, 45, 62, 55, 56, 62-63, 83, 86, 105, 109, 122,
     133-134, 208-209, 222- 223, 229, 252, 292, 294, 305,
     324, 349
     sexual, 75, 207, 210-211, 213, 215

F

Fair Employment Practice Commission, 160
Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC), 115, 117, 256
Family, 207-224
     as economic unit, 213-214
     family life, 88, 174, 195, 220
     importance of, 210, 222
     relations, 209, 214-216
     research on, 11
Farming, 83-87, 151-153, 159
Fascism, 305, 330
Father Divine's Peace Mission Movement, 200
Fauset, Arthur, 191, 200-201
Fellowship of Reconciliation, 273
Ferry, Jules, 44
Feudalism, 23, 323, 328
Feuerbach, Ludwig, 320
Field slaves, 70-72, 147-148, 151, 171-172, 193,208,209
Firearms
     impact of, 40, 42-43
Fisk University, 8, 13, 233
Florida, 209
Flory, Ishmael, 13
Folk tales, 172





Foner, Philip, 132-133, 136, 138
Food, 339, 346
Ford, Gerald, 339
Ford, Nick Aaron, 18
Ford Foundation, 17
Foster, William Z., 129-130, 253, 331
Fourier, Francois Charles, 320, 325
France, 43, 54, 56, 320, 334
Franklin, Benjamin, 60
Franklin, Josiah, 60-61
Franklin, Vincent, vi
Frazier, E. Franklin, 7, 11-12, 14, 63, 71, 101, 102, 103, 104,
     148, 151, 155, 161-162, 191-192, 193, 204, 210, 213-214,
     236, 238, 258
Free Blacks, 148-151, 194, 195, 230-231, 232, 249, 296, 298
Free states, 251
Freedmen's Bank, 160
Freedmen's Bureau, 160, 233, 252
Freedom Day, 346
Freedom riders, 273, 277, 281
Freeman, Richard, 160
French West India Company, 52 Frye, Charles A,, 18 Fuller, Howard, vi

G

da Gama, Vasco, 54
Gambia, 40
Gardner, Ed, 275-276
Garnet, Henry Highland, 76, 297
Garrett, Jimmy, 16
Garvey, Marcus, 291, 301-302, 315
Garvey movement, 177, 301-302, 311, 326, 327
Gender, 22, 25
Genetic code, 22
Genocide, 55, 89, 135, 256-257
George, Hermon, Jr., 21
Georgia, 70, 75, 86, 248, 270, 308
     See also Albany, Atlanta
Germany, 54
Geschwender, James, 141, 154
Ghana, 36, 40, 293-294, 299, 303
Ghetto, 108-109, 112-113, 116, 175, 177, 203, 238, 256-257,
     306





Gompers, Samuel, 130
Good character tests, 89
Gordon, Eugene, 217
Gordon, Milton, 154
Gospel music, 175, 198
Government, 88-90, 247-261, 265-268
Graham, Maryemma, vi
Grandfather clause, 89, 254
Great Depression, 109-110, 134, 136, 155, 177, 178, 181, 255, 258, 272, 329-331
Greece, 68
Green, Shields, 77
Green, William, 133
Greene, Harry, 6
Greene, Lorenzo, 10, 60-61
Greenland, 1
  Greensboro, North Carolina, 277, 280
Guinea Company, 52
Gurin, Patricia, 15
382


H

Haiti, 230
Haley, Alex, 20
Hall, Otto, 327
Hamer, Fannie Lou, 221, 288
Hamilton, Charles, 304
Hamilton, Hank, 265
Hampton, 233
Harding, Vincent, vi, 18
Hare, Nathan, 16
Harlem, 114, 132, 180, 304, 332
Harlem Renaissance, 112,177-178,181,182, 183
Harper, Frances Ellen Watkins, 211
Harris, Abram, 229
Harris, Donald, vi
Harvard University, 8, 9
Hattiesburg, 346
Hayes-Tilden betrayal, 196, 253
Haywood, Harry, 327
Health care, 112, 247, 258, 339, 346
Hegel, George Wilhelm, 320





Henderson, Lenneal, 156-157
Henry, John, 297,311-313
Herndon, Angelo, 134-135
Herskovitz, Melville, 39, 171, 191
Higgs, Robert, 153
Higher education, 241-243
Hill, Robert, 167
Hiring out, 74
Hispanic people, 336
Historical materialism, 292, 322-323, 324
Historical periodization, 24-27
Hogan, Lloyd, vi
Holiday, Billy, 167
Holland, 43
Horton, Zilphia, 265-266
House slaves, 70-72, 111, 147-148, 151, 171- 172, 192-193,
     208, 211
Housing, 112-113, 258, 260, 271, 339, 340
Howard University, 11, 233, 237, 330
Hughes, Langston, 7,12-14,22,38,121,177-178, 180-181,319,
     348-351
Human rights 211, 248-249, 260
Humphrey, Hubert, 282


I

Identity crisis, 3
Ideology 22, 24
     See also Religion
Illinois, 157
Immigrants, 128, 349, 350
Immigration, 101
Imperialism
     aspects of, 323-325
     definition of, 44
     impact in U.S., 180, 184-185, 198, 207, 243, 255, 256,
     294, 336
     impact on Africa, 45, 169-170, 204, 300, 311
     international system, 46, 312
Indebtedness, 85-87
Indentured servants, 55





Indonesia, 140
Industrial Revolution, 39, 43, 57, 61-62
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), 130,132
Industrialization, 111, 236
Inequality, 23
     See also Racism; Discrimination
Institute of the Black World (IBW), 18
Insurrection, 135
Integration, 182, 241, 256, 271, 273, 274, 279-280, 281
Intellectual history, 6, 7-13, 19-22
Intellectuals, 7-13, 177, 269, 300
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, 135
International Working-Men's Association (IWA), 325
Invisible institution, 191,193,194-195,230
Iraq, 303
Ireland, 329
Islam, 201

J  

Jackleg preachers, 199
Jackson, Jesse, 285
Jackson, Mississippi, 273
Jamaica, 170, 301
Japan,23,334
Jay, James, 14
Jazz, 182
Jim crow, 13, 109, 153, 181, 257, 266
Jim-crowism, 134, 327
Job ceiling, 108-109, 113




Johnson, Charles S., 83, 84-85, 86, 195, 197, 214, 215
Johnson, Lyndon, 280, 282
Johnson, David, vi
Johnson, Mordecai, 330
Jones, Absalom, 194
Jones, Johnetta, vi
Journal of Negro History, 10
Journal of Non-white Concerns in Personnel and
Guidance, 3


K

Kansas, 239, 299
Karenga, Maulana, 21, 309-310
Kawaida, 21
Kennedy, John, 272, 284
Kentucky, 75, 209






Killons, John Oliver, 147
King Cotton, 68, 70, 250
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 139, 182, 202-203, 274-276,
     277-278, 280-281, 282, 303, 307
Knights of Labor, 128-130
Ku Klux Klan, 16, 273, 329
383

L

Labor
     conditions of, 86, 122-128
     clerical, 110, 217-218
     domestic, 99-100, 111, 123, 125, 208, 213, 217-218, 229,
          346
     exploitation of, 55, 57, 208-209, 252, 321, 327, 338
     farm, 83-86, 92-95, 104, 122-123, 129, 176, 212, 217,
          229, 292, 328, 346
     industrial, 70, 95, 101, 104, 107-108, 110, 117, 123-124,
          125, 143, 176, 209, 213, 217
     interests of, 5, 106-107, 326, 327
     semiskilled, 110
     service workers, 70, 104, 111, 123, 125, 143, 176,
          217-218
     skilled, 110, 130, 150, 228
     unskilled, 100-101, 110, 130
     wage, 87, 107, 151, 338
     See also Slave labor, Black workers
Labor contracts, 252
Labor movement, 124, 127-143, 265-266, 325, 340-341
Labor reserve, 124-128
Labor unions
     See Unions
Ladner, Joyce, 220
Landlords, 52, 84-85, 213-214, 328
Landowners, 52, 83-86, 88, 134, 328
     See also Middle class ownership
Langston, Oklahoma, 299




"Last hired, first fired," 107, 123, 178, 256
Latin America, 194, 306, 323, 340
Law/Legal relations, 247-248
League of Nations, 291
League of Revolutionary Black Workers, 140-142, 305, 335
League of Struggle for Negro Rights, 134, 332
Legal action, 268-272
Lenin, V.I., 320, 321, 323-324, 327, 329, 340
Lewinson, Paul, 88-89
Lewis, John, 281
Liberal arts education, 236-238, 242-243
Liberation struggles
     African, 3, 8, 32, 37, 38, 169, 204, 221, 274, 291-292,
          295, 300, 303-304, 306, 311-313, 322, 337, 340
     Asian, 306, 322
     Latin American, 306, 322, 340
Liberia, 297, 298
Lincoln, Abraham, 270
Literacy and civic tests, 89
Little Rock, Arkansas, 232
Lobbying, 271
Locke, Alain, 179, 183
Louisiana, 75, 77, 150, 152, 209, 308, 330
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 230
Lowell, Francis Cabot, 61
Lucy, William, 142-143
Lumpenproletariat, 21
Lyman, Stanford M., 14
Lynching, 87, 89-92, 94-95, 105, 133-134, 207, 215, 267, 269, 272, 281, 302, 327, 329
384

M

Malcolm X, 1, 4, 55, 148, 182, 247, 259-260, 278-280, 283,
     303-304
Male supremacy, 38, 207, 208, 215, 306
Mali, 36
Manumission, 74
Mao Tse-Tung, 321-322, 334
Marable, Manning, vi
March on Washington Movement, 117, 255-256
March on Washington-1963, 139, 272, 273-274, 277-280,
     281
Marches, 114, 117, 129, 276, 280, 331
Marley, Bob, 38
Marriage, 174, 175, 214-215
Marrisett, Andrew, 276-277
Marshall, Thurgood, 243
Marx, Gary, 189, 202
Marx, Karl 320-321, 324, 325
Marxism, 319-341
     and Black liberation struggle, 324-337
     and national question, 322-323, 327-329, 333
     right opportunism, 336 sectarianism, 335
     theory, 21, 319-324, 334, 335, 341
Marxist movements, 320-322, 324-336
Maryland, 75, 248
Mass action, 129, 142, 239, 256, 268, 272- 284, 285,
     330-331, 333
Mass media, 45, 74, 183-184, 196, 324, 338
Mass protest, 16, 18, 117, 221, 255-256, 272, 275-277, 286
     See also Demonstrations
Massachusetts, 59, 248
Matriarchy, 220
Mauritania, 303
Mays, Benjamin, 17, 197
McCabe, Edwin P, 299
McDonogh, John, 150
McPherson, James, 7
McWorter, Gerald, 17, 21
Meany, George, 138, 142
Meltzer, Milton, 12
Memphis, 104, 215
Mercantilism, 54-55
Meredith, James, 277, 283
Merritt College, 16
The Messenger, 91-92, 105-107
Methodists, 192
Mexican Americans, 336




Meyers, Isaac, 129
Middle class, 147-166
     and Black liberation struggle, 114-117, 162, 164, 177, 202,
          182-183, 268, 271- 272, 279, 296, 299-300, 301, 302,
          310
     and education, 236-238, 242
     and government, 159-161, 162, 164, 179, 258
     and the church, 174-175, 199 , 202
     ownership, 86-87,106, 147-163, 155-157, 159, 311, 338
     relationship to masses, 134, 162, 164, 178, 181, 182-183,
          258, 301, 303, 313-314, 338
     rural, 86-87, 151-153, 174
     slave, 147-151
     urban, 163-164, 301
Middle passage, 49, 191
Migration, 1, 25, 96, 100-104, 108, 110, 112,  123, 151, 155,
     175-176, 177, 198, 236, 241-242, 255, 301, 302, 347
Militarization, 339
Missionaries, 45, 230
Mississippi, 70, 75, 86, 140, 152, 209, 252, 280, 304, 308-309, 330, 346
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, 221, 282, 346-349
Mississippi Summer Project, 281-282
Missouri, 152, 209, 233
Mob violence, 90, 91, 134, 281, 327
Modes of production, 42, 52, 168, 338
Montgomery, 273, 274
Montgomery bus boycott, 274, 277
Montgomery Improvement Association, 274
Moore, Howard, 239
Moore, Richard, 4, 327
Moorish Science Temple of America, 201
Morehouse College, 17
Morocco, 303
Morrill Act, 242
Mows, Bob, 282, 346
Motherhood
     See Women
Mozambique, 169
Muhammad, Elijah, 201, 303, 308
Munford, Clarence J., vi, 21
Music, 171-172, 174, 175, 176, 181-182, 198
Mutual aid societies, 174, 196, 292
385

N

Naming crisis, 3-4
Nation of Islam, 4, 201, 303, 308
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
     (NAACP) 3, 133, 137, 138, 177, 216, 221, 268-271, 272,
          282, 302, 330
     Legal Defence Fund, 239
National Association of Black Local Elected Officials, 285
National Association of Colored Women (NACW), 215, 217
National Baptist Convention of America, 195
National Baptist Convention, USA, 195
National Black Political Assembly, 257-258, 285
National Committee of Negro Churchmen, 203

National Council of Negro Women (NANW), 3
National Labor Union (NLU), 128-129
National League for the Protection of Colored Women,
     271-272
National League of Urban Conditions Among Negroes, 271
National Negro Business League, 153, 299
National Negro Conference, 269-271
National Negro Congress, 136-137, 221, 331-332
National Negro Labor Council, 137-138
National Organization of Minority Architects, 3
National question, 308, 323 , 325, 333
National Unemployment Insurance Day, 331
National Urban League
     See Urban League
National consciousness, 301, 302, 306, 307
National oppression, 122, 152, 174, 208, 256-257, 283, 307,
     308, 313, 327-330, 333-334, 336-337, 339, 340-341
Nationalism, 291-315
     ideology of 21, 291, 293, 294-296, 333
     prospects for, 294-296, 313-314
     reactionary, 294-295, 314, 337
     reasons for, 204, 282-283, 291-293, 302- 303, 327
     reformist, 295, 299, 304-305, 314, 335, 337
     revolutionary, 140-142, 295-296, 303-304, 305-307, 314,
          327, 334-336
     rural, 292-293, 299
     slave, 292-293, 297-298
     urban, 177, 182-183, 301-314




Nationalist organizations, 274
Nationality, 22, 24, 81, 168, 170, 174-175, 197, 198, 293, 347
Native Americans, 55, 291, 336, 346, 350
Neal, Larry, 183
Negro American Labor Council, 138
Negro Digest, 17
Negro History Week, 11, 20
Negro Labor Relations League, 114-115
"Negro jobs," 107-109
Negro Professionals and Businessmen, 114
Negro Textile Union, 265
New England merchants, 60-62, 248
Newfoundland, 1
"New Negro," 104-107, 177, 179
New Orleans, 75, 104
New York, 70, 101, 104, 156, 157, 178-179, 248, 279, 301,
     308
New York's African Free School, 230
Newark, 139, 304
Newell, Virginia K., 14
Nguzo Saba, 309-310
Niagara Movement, 216-217, 269-271
Nigeria, 40
Nixon, Richard, 142, 160, 274, 303, 339
Nkruruah, Kwame, 9, 44-45, 247, 293-294, 311-312
Nkrumahism, 312
Nonviolence, 273, 276, 278, 280-281, 282
Nonviolent direct action, 273-274, 275
North America, 2
North Carolina, 75, 152, 231, 236, 330
Northern capitalists, 74, 88, 232, 234-235, 250-253
Northup, Solomon, 67, 68-69, 209-210

O

Occupational structure, 101, 104, 110-111, 125, 154, 158-159, 213, 217-218
October Revolution, 321-322, 326-327
Ohio, 157
Oppression, 113-114, 133, 134, 140, 179, 201, 202, 203,
    209, 220-221, 222, 244, 255, 256-257, 260-261,
     266-267, 271, 282-283, 284, 291, 293, 298, 299-300, 305,
     312-314,324, 349
     racist, 122, 149, 162, 183, 229, 325, 349
     sexist, 210-211, 218





Oral tradition, 168, 172
Organization of African Unity (OAU), 293
Organization of Afro-American Unity (OAAU), 303-304
Orrick, William, 16
Orum, Anthony M., 15
Owen, Robert, 325
Ownership
private, 184, 253, 326, 339
public, 254, 326, 340
     See also Middle class ownership
386

P

Pan-African Congresses, 8, 293, 300
Pan-Africanism, 291-315
     ideology of, 291-292, 311-313
     in Africa, 311
     in U.S., 291-292, 311-314, 336
     prospects for, 313
     reasons for, 204, 291, 293-294, 300
     rural, 298-300
     slave, 296-297
     urban, 301-314
Paradigm, 22-27
Paris, 169
Parker, Charlie "Bird," 182
Parks, Rosa, 274
Patriarchal ideology, 208, 219
Patriarchy, 213-215, 222
Peonage, 81, 85-86, 134, 327
Peoples College, 20
Peoples War, 322
Periodization, 24-27, 337, 347
Pettigrew, Thomas E, 14
Philadelphia, 101, 104, 148, 194, 304, 308
Picasso, 169, 186, 187
Pickets, 90, 114-115, 273, 347
Plantation v. urban slavery, 71-72
Plessy v. Ferguson, 243, 254
Plumpp, Sterling, vi
Police, 134, 257, 276, 319, 339
Police brutality, 138, 190, 247, 248
Political economy, 22, 23-24, 67-68, 92, 106-107, 122-128,
     227-229, 248-249, 250- 256, 259, 293, 298, 320-321, 322,     346




Political system
     rural, 251-254
     slave, 248-251
     urban, 255-261, 267
Politicians, 5, 113, 114-115, 247, 257-259, 284-286
Poll tax, 89 , 254
Poor Peoples Campaign, 280
Population
     Americas, 2
     Black, 18
     rural, 81-82, 104, 151, 241-242
     slave, 63, 71
     urban, 101-104, 241-242
     women, 219-220
     See also Africa, depopulation
Population sex ratio, 219-220
Portugal, 43, 52, 54
Poverty, 180, 213, 277, 278
Preachers, 113, 116-117, 158, 174, 192-194,
     196-197, 198-201, 203-204,  274,  301
Presbyterians, 192President's Committee on Civil Rights, 256
Prisons, 86, 124, 127, 207, 216
Professionals, 6, 110, 114, 129, 153, 157-160, 162, 164, 218, 238, 243-244, 270-27
Proletarianization, 107-111, i76, 177, 198,
255, 30
Proletariat, 100, 104, 109, 324, 339-340
     definition of, 62
Property Owners' Association, 112
Property qualifications, 89
Prosser, Gabriel, 194
Puerto Ricans, 291, 336
Pullman Company, 133
Push/pull, 101
Q

Quakers, 74, 192 
387

R

Race, 22-23, 347
Race consciousness, 13, 298
     See also National consciousness
Race mixing, 75
Race Radicals, 114
Race relations, 11, 21
Racism
     definition of, 23, 63, 307
     effects of, 4, 5, 8, 93, 107-110, 123, 178, 182-183, 194, 198, 207,218,220,234, 236,254,256-257,280,291-294,299- 300, 301, 325, 327, 348-351
     ideology of,  10, 14, 23, 63, 105, 178, 234, 256-257, 282,
          327, 339
     institutional, 16, 17origins of, 45, 56, 268
     relationship to capitalism, 93'113, 134,   
          135, 180, 181, 235,257-258, 327, 329, 336-337, 
          338-339
      relationship to colonialism,
     45 resistance to, 
Railroad strike-1877, 253, 326
Randell, Dudley, 227
Randolph, A. Philip, 117, 132-133, 138, 255-256
Rape, 140, 210, 330
Reactionary politics, 135, 294-295, 314
Reagan, Ronald, 161, 286, 294, 339
Reconstruction, 81, 88, 92, 95, 151, 160, 172, 196, 213, 216,
     233, 251, 253, 254, 298, 325
     Reconstruction amendments See Constitution, U.S.
     Recreation, 112, 171, 174-175
Red Book, 334
Red-baiting, 132, 136, 137-138
Redkey, Edwin, 297
Redmond, Eugene, vi
Reformist politics, 129, 139, 183, 257-258, 261, 267-268, 284-287, 295, 333
Reid, Ira De A., 108-109, 130
Reid, John, 127
Religion, 189-204
     and social change, 181, 189, 190, 194, 201, 276-277
     and traditional Africa, 191-192
     definition of, 190
     impact of, 192-193 rural,194-195
     slave, 192-194
     urban, 198-200
     See also Church
Repression
     political, 132,134-135,135-136,138,174, 182, 221,
          228-229 248, 254, 261, 267, 293, 311-312, 314, 326,
          339
     social, 87-91, 174, 230




Republic of New Africa, 308-309
Republican Party, 106
Residency requirements, 89
Resistance
     armed, 17, 67, 76-77, 91-92, 96, 116-116, 194, 279, 297,
          309, 327
     economic, 92, 114-117, 151,
     to lynching, 91-92, 216, 269, 327
     to racism, 6,17,20,114-117,127-128,133, 138, 178, 223,
          346-347
Revisionism, 322
     See also Communist Party, USA
Revolutionary Action Movement (RAM), 305
Revolutionary party
     role of, 141, 305-307, 321-322
Revolutionary politics, 139-142, 178-181, 259-261, 268,
     295-296, 329-332, 334- 337, 340-341
Rhode Island, 69, 61, 248
Rhodes, Robert, vi
Ricardo, David, 320
Rillieux, Norbert, 149
Riots, 114-115, 139,.203, 302
Robeson, Paul, 22, 181
Robinson, Armstead, 17
Robinson, Cedric, vi
Rodgers, J. A., 20
Rogers, Harold, vi
Rodney, Walter, 33, 36, 42, 43
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 117, 137, 179, 216
Royal African Company, 51
Ruffin, Josephine St. Pierre, 215
Ruling class, 23, 55, 59, 62, 109, 111, 162 184, 207,
     227-229, 236, 243, 251, 264, 258, 261, 272, 284, 295,
     296, 297, 301, 331, 333, 336, 339, 340
Runaway slave communities, 170-172
Running away, 74-75, 209
Russia, 321
Russian Revolution, 320, 321
Rustin, Bayard, 277, 282
388

S

Saint-Simon, 320
Salamon, Lester, 152
Sales, William, vi
San Francisco State University, 16
Sam, Chief Alfred C., 299
Scabs,123
Schomberg, Arthur, 15
Schools, 228-244
     colleges and universities, 17, 196, 228- 229, 236-238,
          242-244
     control of, 11, 228-229,240-241,324,338
     degrees, 6, 158, 159, 242, 244
     enrollment, 5, 241-242, 243-244
     private, 240, 242
     public, 111, 233, 236,238-241, 253
SCLC
     See Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Scottsboro case, 330
Scott-Heron, Gil, 38
Second-class citizenship, 267
Secularization, 198-199
Seeger, Pete, 265-266
Segregation
     de facto,238, 274
     de jure, 134, 153, 238, 274, 276, 277
     housing, 257
     job, 108, 13O
     public accommodations, 138, 257, 269, 270, 275, 280-281
     residential, 109, 112-113, 325
     school, 234, 238-239
     socio-cultural, 113, 161
     transportation, 274
Self-defense, 91-92, 106, 133, 252, 303, 305
Self-determination, 4, 308, 309-310, 327, 328-329, 337, 340
Selma, Alabama, 275, 280
Senegal, 40
Senegal Company, 52
Separate but equal, 239, 254
Sharecroppers, 83-85, 94, 123, 151, 212-213, 301, 329-330
Sharecroppers Union, 95, 179, 330
Shitwork, 124, 218
Shorter, Isaac, 141
Shouting, 189, 191, 200
Sierra Leone, 40, 296
Sims, William E., 18
Singleton, Pap, 299
Sit-ins, 273, 277, 280-281, 333
Slater, Samuel, 61
Slaughter, Diana, vi
Slave codes, 194, 231, 248, 252
Slave labor
     conditions of, 68-70, 208-209
     cost of, 42
     growth of, 63, 249
     source of, 40, 42, 51, 55-56
     See also Fleld slaves; House slaves; Urban slaves
Slave revolts, 76, 192, 194, 231, 297
Slave states, 251
Slave trade
     impact of, 26, 33-34, 40, 42, 43, 59-63, 192
     international aspects, 51-52
     profits, 56-57, 60-63
     reasons for, 49, 51-63
     relation to capitalism, 43, 52, 57, 59-63
Slave traders, 56, 59, 101
     African, 42
     American, 43, 51, 60-62, 150, 248-249
     Arab, 43
     European, 39, 43, 51, 170
Slaveowners, 70, 74, 148-150, 161, 170, 171, 174, 191,
     192-193, 208-211, 213, 229- 232, 247-249, 250-251,
     252-263, 266
Slavery
     and capitalism, 21, 36, 43, 56-57, 68
     and religion, 45, 50-51, 72-74, 75, 193-195, 230
     conditions of, 40-51, 67-69, 70-72, 147- 148, 170
     definition of, 67-68
     effects of, 349
     impact of, 3, 31, 69-70, 81, 111, 148-150, 191, 196, 207,
          209-210, 214, 296
     industrial, 72, 74, 208-209
     mechanisms strengthening, 74,248-249
     mechanisms weakening, 74-77
     reasons for, 56-56, 149, 229
     resistance to, 74-77, 194, 211, 230-232, 249-250, 297          socio-cultural life, 72-74, 88, 171-172
     stages, 70




Small Business Administration, 160-161
Smith, Adam, 320
Smitherman, Geneva, vi
SNCC
     See Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee
Social clubs, 117, 216-216
Social cohesion, 24-25, 347
Social control, 81, 83, 87-88, 162, 164, 168, 170,228,232,299
Social disruption, 26, 347
Social equality, 106, 111, 218, 236, 255, 302
Social institutions, 24
     See also Schools; Church
Social life, 88, 111-113, 292, 299-300
Social mobility, 23
     See also Upward mobility
Social services, 111-112, 113, 126-127, 219, 265, 272
Social welfare, 125-127
Socialism
     definition of, 322, 339
     scientific, 141, 319, 321-324, 334, 339-341
     socialists, 141,326-326
     utopian, 322, 339
Socialist Labor Party, 326
Socialist Workers Party, 333
Society, 24
Sociology, 14
Son House of Mississippi, 167
Songhay, 36
Sorbonne (University of Paris), 9
Sorge, Friedrich, 325
South Africa, 23, 33, 38, 140, 189-190
South America, 1-2, 43, 250, 297
South Carolina, 42, 70, 75, 77, 86, 108, 152, 209, 233, 239,
     248, 253, 298, 308
Southern Africa, 33, 42, 311, 313, 331
Southern Alliance of Farmers, 92-94
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 138,
     221, 274-280, 282
Southern Negro Youth Congress, 179, 330
Southern Tenant Farmers Union, 96, 179
Soviet Union, 313, 321
Soweto, 190
Spellman, A. B., 182
Spelman College, 17
Spero, Sterling, 229  

Spirituals, 171-172, 194, 198
St. Louis, 104
Stalin, Joseph, 323, 333
Standard of living, 23
Stanford, Max, 305
Starobin, Robert, 209
Status 147-151, 161
Status mechanisms, 153-154
Steelworkers Union, 221
Sterilization, 219
Stirling, James, 70-71
Stokes, Lewis, 257
Storefront churches, 191, 199-200
Strategy, 267-268, 283-285, 286, 294, 305-307
Strikebreakers, 109, 130
Strikes, 109, 123, 129, 132-133, 138
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC),
     138-139, 149, 221, 263, 280-284, 304, 336
Subversive Activities Control Board, 138
Supreme Court, 219, 238-239, 243, 249, 259, 270, 271
Swindell, Warren, vi
389

T

Tactics, 114-117, 267-268, 284-285
Talented tenth, 235, 236, 242
Talladega College, 233
Tarzan, 31
Teachers, 158, 160, 216, 218, 233, 236-238, 240, 347
Tenancy, 83-85, 87, 92, 100, 101, 109, 151, 174, 212-213,
     252, 292, 328
Tennessee, 75
Tennessee Coal and Iron Company, 234-235
Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn, vi
Terrell, Mary Church, 215
Texas,157
Textile industry, 39-46, 61-62, 68, 74, 108, 209, 250-251
Third  'World, 323





Thomas, Daryl, vi
Three-fifths compromise, 249
Timbuktu, 37
Triangular trade, 56-57, 60
Triple oppression, 122, 207, 208, 214-215, 218, 222-223 Tripp, Luke, 15
Trotter, William Monroe, 269, 271
Truth, Sojourner, 75, 211-212
Tubman, Harriet, 75, 194, 211
Turner, Bishop Henry, 298-299
Turner, Lorenzo, 39, 171, 191
Turner, Nat, 75, 77, 194
Tuskegee Machine, 269

U

Uncle Tomism, 88, 279, 347
Underground railroad, 75, 194, 211
Unemployed Councils, 134, 179, 331
Unemployment
     conditions of, 278
     differentials, 110, 124, 126
     insurance,331
     problems of, 247
     rates, 101, 109-110, 124-125, 126, 218
     relief, 125-126, 134-135, 255
Unionization, 5, 92, 106, 121, 179, 255, 327, 331-332
Unions
     craft, 128, 130, 135
     dual unionism, 106, 129, 130
     farm, 92-95
     industrial, 128, 132, 133, 135-136, 331
     leadership in, 129, 135-136, 137, 138-139, 140, 142, 181
     membership in, 123, 128, 129, 136, 302
     "one big union," 128-132
     racism in, 92-94, 106, 108-109, 117, 129- 130, 135, 136,
          137-142, 181
     revolutionary union movement, 140-142





United Auto Workers (UAW), 122,141
United front, 115, 134-135, 136, 180, 322, 324, 327, 329,
     330, 331, 336-337
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural 
     Organization (UN- ESCO), 320
Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), 291,
     301-302
University of Chicago, 9, 11, 273
University of Copenhagen, 11
University of Sankore, 37
Upward mobility, 153-154, 227
Urban Black Belt, 112-113
Urban League, 114-115, 126, 133, 136-137, 177, 216, 269,
     271-272
Urban slaves, 72, 171-172
Urbanization, 101-104, 175-176, 198, 236, 241-242, 255, 
     268
Utopian socialists, 320, 322, 325
     See also Socialism

V

Vagrancy laws, 252
Van Sertima, Ivan, 14
Vander Zanden, James W., 14
Vassa, Gustavas, 37, 38, 49-51
Vesey, Denmark, 13, 75, 77, 194
Vietnam War, 124, 126, 204, 221, 243, 334, 339
Violence, 114-115, 216, 299





Virginia, 70, 75, 239, 248
Vocational education, 235-238
Voter registration, 257, 275, 280, 281, 284, 285, 304, 347
Voting rights, 211, 252, 280
Voting Rights Act-1965, 139, 267

W

WPA artists, 178-181
Walker, Johnnie Mae, 346-347
Walton, Sidney F., 16
Ward, Naomi, 100
Washington, 104
Washington, Booker T., 153, 177, 227, 229, 233, 235-236,
     242, 254, 269, 272, 299-301
Washington, Harold, 285
Washington, Madison, 75
Watts, 283
We Shall Overcome, 265
 Wealth, 44
     See also Accumulation of wealth
Welfare, 125-127, 162, 255
West Africa, 51-52
West, Cornell, vi
West Indies, 34, 49, 51, 55, 57, 59, 60, 133, 297,326
Weydemeyer, Joseph, 325
Whip (Chicago), 115
White, Walter P., 112
White supremacy, 87, 91, 93-94, 129, 140
Wilcox, Preston, 240-241
Wilhelm, Sidney, 123
.Wilkins, Roy, 138, 282
Williams, Eric, 49, 51, 56-57
Wilson, William, 154





Women, 209-224
     and work, 110-111, 123, 158, 159, 160, 208-209,
          212-213, 217-218, 272, 346
     heads of household, 207, 219, 220, 22-222 
     in Black liberation struggle, 211-212, 215-217, 220-221,
          306, 336, 346-347
     motherhood, 207, 210, 214-215, 219
     role in family, 208,210,214-215,218-219, 221-222
     rural, 212-217
     slave, 208-212
     urban, 217-223
Women's rights movement, 222
Woodson, Carter G., 6-7, 9-11, 15, 19-20, 81, 82, 85-86
Woolsey, Thomas, 141
Work, Monroe, 7
Workers, 122-143
Working class, 87, 106, 109, 117, 129-130, 180-181, 278,
     297, 319, 320, 321, 322, 324-326, 332-333, 335, 336-337,
     338- 341
     divisions within, 114,123,127,329,338-339
Workingmen's Party, 326
Works Progress Administration (WPA), 177
World War I, 95, 101, 104, 106, 124, 155,
     175, 177, 217, 236, 242, 255, 300, 301
World War II, 95, 100, 101, 110, 122-123,
     124, 137, 152, 160, 177, 217, 220, 255, 268, 272, 302
Wright, Richard, 179-180
Wyoming, 140
390

Y

Yale University, 17
Yette, Sam, 123
Yokinen, August, 332
Young, Andrew, 285
Young, Carlene, vi
Young, Les, 167
Youth, 125,140, 182, 228, 276, 279, 281-282, 284, 306-307,
     313, 340-341

Z


Zaire, 33, 187
Zambia, 33
Zimbabwe, 33, 40
Contents